What is the benefit of using the internal mammary artery during CABG?

Using the internal mammary artery (IMA) during coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is advantageous because these arteries have been shown to remain patent longer than other types of grafts, such as saphenous vein grafts. The superior long-term patency is attributed to several factors that include the internal mammary artery being a native artery, which often adapts better to the physiological environment after bypass surgery. Additionally, the IMA has a muscular layer that may help maintain its structure and function over time. This makes it a preferred choice for many surgeons aiming for improved outcomes in patients undergoing CABG.

While the other options present various aspects related to surgical techniques, they do not specifically highlight the critical benefit of the internal mammary artery's longevity as a graft. The use of the IMA is particularly significant in the context of long-term coronary artery health and the potential for reduced need for reintervention.