What is considered the second major risk factor for Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)?

The second major risk factor for Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is hypertension. This condition is characterized by elevated blood pressure, which can damage the arteries over time, leading to the development of atherosclerosis and increasing the risk of ischemic heart disease, heart attack, and stroke. Hypertension contributes to CAD by placing excessive strain on the heart and blood vessels, promoting the formation of plaque in the arteries, which narrows them and limits blood flow to the heart muscle.

While diabetes mellitus is also a significant risk factor for CAD, it is considered the first major risk factor. In contrast, while obesity and high alcohol consumption are relevant risk factors, they are generally not classified as significant as hypertension in terms of their direct impact on the development of CAD. Understanding these risk factors is crucial for both prevention and management of coronary artery disease, emphasizing the importance of monitoring and controlling blood pressure.